Plesetsk CosmodromeActive

The world's most prolific launch site by total launch count. At 62.9°N it is too far north to reach the ISS at 51.6°, so all missions go to high-inclination or polar orbits — almost exclusively military. Angara heavy-lift is being developed here.

62.9271°N
Latitude
40.5774°E
Longitude
150 m
Elevation
1966
First orbital

Site history

Owner / operator: Russian Ministry of Defence Founded: 1957 First orbital launch: 1966
Total orbital launches: ~1,600+ Annual launch rate: ~15/year Current vehicles: Soyuz-2, Rokot (retired), Angara
The world's most prolific launch site by total launch count. At 62.9°N it is too far north to reach the ISS at 51.6°, so all missions go to high-inclination or polar orbits — almost exclusively military. Angara heavy-lift is being developed here.

Orbital mechanics from 62.9271°N

A launch site's latitude determines which orbits are achievable and at what fuel cost. Plesetsk at 62.9271°N sets the following constraints:

Min inclination (due east)
62.9°
A rocket launched due east enters an orbit inclined at exactly the site's latitude. Going lower requires a fuel-expensive plane change.
ISS reachable?
No — too far north
At 62.9271°N, the minimum prograde inclination exceeds the ISS at 51.6° — reaching it requires an impractical retrograde manoeuvre.
Sun-sync (SSO)
Very efficient
Sun-synchronous orbits (~97–98°) require a slight retrograde tilt. High-latitude sites like this reach SSO with minimal extra fuel.
GTO efficiency
Standard
Geostationary transfer orbit requires a low inclination. A 62.9° plane change is needed to reach the GEO belt, costing payload mass.

Satellite train visibility from Plesetsk

From 62.9271°N, Plesetsk can reach 2 Starlink inclination shells: 70°, 97.6° SSO (polar).

Trains launched to higher inclinations are visible from more of the world. A 97° SSO train from Plesetsk would be visible at virtually every latitude; a 53° train is visible from latitudes up to ±57° (primarily) — much of the populated world. In the hours after launch — before satellites raise their orbits — a tight train of 20–60 bright dots crosses the sky roughly every 90 minutes. Use OrbitalNodes' Starlink tracker for exact train pass times.

Orbital coverage — which latitudes can satellites from Plesetsk fly over
90°S60°S30°SEquator30°N60°N90°N ISS 51.6° Plesetsk Min inclination (62.9°) ISS band (±51.6°)

Plesetsk — Launch Site FAQ

Where is Plesetsk and who operates it?

Plesetsk Cosmodrome is located at 62.9271°N, 40.5774°E in Arkhangelsk Oblast, Russia. It is owned and operated by Russian Ministry of Defence. The site has conducted approximately 1,600 orbital launches since its first in 1966.

What rockets launch from Plesetsk?

Current vehicles operating from Plesetsk Cosmodrome include Soyuz-2, Rokot (retired), Angara. Primary customers are Russian military, launching Military reconnaissance, GLONASS navigation, military communications.

What orbits can Plesetsk reach?

At 62.9271°N, Plesetsk's minimum achievable inclination is 62.9° (due-east launch). Sun-synchronous orbits (~97°) are particularly efficient from this high latitude. The site can reach orbits between roughly 63° and 98° inclination.

Can I watch launches from Plesetsk?

Yes — Plesetsk Cosmodrome hosts a high cadence of approximately 15 orbital launches per year. Check the operator's website for public viewing arrangements and launch windows.

What satellites can I see that were launched from Plesetsk?

Satellites regularly launched from Plesetsk include Military reconnaissance, GLONASS navigation, military communications. Use OrbitalNodes to track any visible satellite in real time.

Why was Plesetsk built at this latitude?

Plesetsk at 62.9271°N was positioned to serve high-inclination and polar orbit missions. The site has been operational since 1966.

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