Wallops Flight FacilityActive

One of the oldest US launch sites, now primarily serving ISS cargo resupply via Northrop Grumman's Cygnus spacecraft. Rocket Lab opened a second Electron launch complex here in 2023, adding dedicated smallsat capability.

37.9402°N
Latitude
75.4664°W
Longitude
5 m
Elevation
1961
First orbital

Site history

Owner / operator: NASA / Mid-Atlantic Regional Spaceport Founded: 1945 First orbital launch: 1961
Total orbital launches: ~35+ Annual launch rate: ~5/year Current vehicles: Antares/Cygnus, Rocket Lab Electron (LC-2), suborbital
One of the oldest US launch sites, now primarily serving ISS cargo resupply via Northrop Grumman's Cygnus spacecraft. Rocket Lab opened a second Electron launch complex here in 2023, adding dedicated smallsat capability.

Orbital mechanics from 37.9402°N

A launch site's latitude determines which orbits are achievable and at what fuel cost. Wallops Island at 37.9402°N sets the following constraints:

Min inclination (due east)
37.9°
A rocket launched due east enters an orbit inclined at exactly the site's latitude. Going lower requires a fuel-expensive plane change.
ISS reachable?
Yes — 51.6°
A 13.7° dog-leg manoeuvre is needed from this latitude to reach the ISS's 51.6° orbit.
Sun-sync (SSO)
Achievable
Sun-synchronous orbits (~97–98°) require a slight retrograde tilt. A small retrograde azimuth is needed to reach the required ~97° inclination.
GTO efficiency
Standard
Geostationary transfer orbit requires a low inclination. A 37.9° plane change is needed to reach the GEO belt, costing payload mass.

Satellite train visibility from Wallops Island

From 37.9402°N, Wallops Island can reach 4 Starlink inclination shells: 43°, 53°, 70°, 97.6° SSO (polar).

Trains launched to higher inclinations are visible from more of the world. A 97° SSO train from Wallops Island would be visible at virtually every latitude; a 53° train is visible from latitudes up to ±57° (primarily) — much of the populated world. In the hours after launch — before satellites raise their orbits — a tight train of 20–60 bright dots crosses the sky roughly every 90 minutes. Use OrbitalNodes' Starlink tracker for exact train pass times.

Orbital coverage — which latitudes can satellites from Wallops Island fly over
90°S60°S30°SEquator30°N60°N90°N ISS 51.6° Wallops Island Min inclination (37.9°) ISS band (±51.6°)

Wallops Island — Launch Site FAQ

Where is Wallops Island and who operates it?

Wallops Flight Facility is located at 37.9402°N, 75.4664°W in Virginia, USA. It is owned and operated by NASA / Mid-Atlantic Regional Spaceport. The site has conducted approximately 35 orbital launches since its first in 1961.

What rockets launch from Wallops Island?

Current vehicles operating from Wallops Flight Facility include Antares/Cygnus, Rocket Lab Electron (LC-2), suborbital. Primary customers are Northrop Grumman, Rocket Lab, NASA, launching ISS Cygnus cargo, smallsats, suborbital research.

What orbits can Wallops Island reach?

At 37.9402°N, Wallops Island's minimum achievable inclination is 37.9° (due-east launch). The ISS at 51.6° is reachable with a dogleg manoeuvre. The site can reach orbits between roughly 38° and 98° inclination.

Can I watch launches from Wallops Island?

Yes — Wallops Flight Facility hosts a moderate cadence of approximately 5 orbital launches per year. Viewing areas are open to the public for many launches. Rockets are often visible for several hundred kilometres after liftoff.

What satellites can I see that were launched from Wallops Island?

Satellites regularly launched from Wallops Island include ISS Cygnus cargo, smallsats, suborbital research. The ISS was supplied or crew-launched from sites at similar latitudes. Use OrbitalNodes to track any visible satellite in real time.

Why was Wallops Island built at this latitude?

Wallops Island at 37.9402°N was positioned to access the full range of low-Earth orbits including the ISS corridor. The site has been operational since 1961.

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